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String Theory
Contributed by Nathan Colella   

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String Closeup
Einstein spent his last days in his bed seeking for an answer to link everything in science together to fit one single theory, the theory of everything. He died before he could achieve it, but half a century later his work has become the holy grail of modern physics and now scientists have achieved what Einstein worked for so long, this model that unifies all the laws of the universe is called string theory which will be explained in the following dialog.

String theory shows that we live in universe with 11 dimensions right next door to each other and that reality as we know it is not what it seems. These strings are unimaginably small and are contained in every particle of reality, they vibrate like strings on a cello and all vibrate at different frequencies and patterns. The universe is like one big symphony where matter resonates with the vibration of these strings. These strings are so small that they cannot be seen yet (At least not with the physical eyes) so it’s come to a point in the road where science has turned into a philosophy to seek the answers that await us in the near future.

The laws of general relativity show that the universe is predictable and everything makes sense to the degree that it can be calculated. The quantum world (which is an inner space) is unpredictable and does not make sense; a question came to mind at this point. If these two laws exist how come we are only experiencing one of them? And is it possible to experience the quantum laws? To me it seems like there’s two universes one which is jittery and bouncy and the other seems to be a construct like a matrix or a computer simulation all made out of interlocking grids and calculations.
It’s funny how everything in the physical universe can be broken down into small equations and be inputted into a computer which will give an exact and accurate simulation of the laws of the universe. Another question is how come something that blown out of oblivion can be so perfect in design and be unique like every snowflake and every finger print?

String theorist’s claim that inside the particles are little balls of matter and inside those are small vibrating string of energy and is the key for uniting these two conflicting forces together, however a lot of scientists do not believe in this theory because it cannot be proved and tested. To me this theory seems correct and makes sense in every single way, sceptics on the other hand want solid proof in order to believe something because their belief system is based on “seeing is believing” and sometimes common sense or intuitive feelings do not apply to these people.

In 1968 an Italian physicist named Gabriel was searching for a mathematical equation explaining the strong force holding the nucleus together. He found an old book on mathematics and in it he found a 200 year old equation and was amazed to discover that it explained the strong force. He published a article about it and was quickly famous for this accidental discovery and this equation was passed from colleague to colleague and ended up in the lap of a man called Leonard Susskind. He thought the equation was easy and began pondering on it, messing around with it and found it was eternal and looked like a rubber band which could stretch up and down and wiggle. He quickly published his finding to find that it got rejected and string theory came to a stop. In the meantime new particles where being discovered and scientists where recording the collisions of two particles colliding with each other and they found that life was richer than they thought. Finding all these particles was interesting and enlightening but the quest for unification still remained and still people were no more closer to finding it, My observation of string theory is that as you go deeper inside matter, you will eventually get to an energy that is infinite and non physical and its vibrating so fast it cannot be perceived by any equipment we have today and that everything we perceive is made out of this energy and life is merely a projection of what’s within.

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Microscopic Strings
These strings vibrate faster than light because light can be perceived where as energy cannot so thus meaning this energy must exist beyond time/space and is perceived in a totally different dimension all together (possibly the source of all things where everything is ONE and the same). Scientists came up with some interesting findings when trying to figure out string theory, they found mass less particles and anomalies. At the time they weren’t thinking about how they could fit gravity into the equation. Strings were estimated to be a hundred billion billion times smaller than atoms and john Schwartz found out that the mass less particles where gravitons that transmit gravity so now string theory has put the pieces of the puzzle together!. Schwarz sent off his theory to be published but again it failed to get recognized and bought into the mainstream but this wouldn’t stop him from giving up and giving hope to other string theorists. The mathematical anomalies still existed in the equation but that was changed in summer 1984 when Schwarz and Michael Greene actually figured out the calculations and got the same answer so now string theory was free of anomalies. They knew they were onto the right track because string theory unified all the forces and no other theory had succeeded and then the reaction in the public was huge; the amount of string theorists went from a handful to hundreds and hundreds. If an atom was to grow to the size of the solar system a string of energy would only be the size of a tree in comparison, these strings all vibrate at different frequencies of vibration which hold together matter in a certain way. It seems that the universe is held together and was out made out of sound/vibration; tests show that this can be proved by placing sand on a huge vibrating plate and the sand forms into shapes and small galaxy shapes twirling. Certain vibrations give the sand different form for example patterns of a snow flake or an insect.

Now think about this, once the universe ends and there is just emptiness and blackness of oblivion is there really nothing there? Or just something we cannot perceive yet? Its been proved that you can measure the energy in a vacuum which takes out everything that’s possibly in the air to leave absolutely nothing inside it, scientists thought that there would be no energy inside or at least less energy but to their surprise there was more energy in there than imaginable. According to them the energy in a centre meter of empty space is more powerful than a billion nuclear bombs. A German mathematician calculated that there was another dimension other than the three dimensions of space and the single dimension of time and sent it to Einstein but Einstein didn’t pick up on it until a couple of years after. The German mathematician suggested not only gravity had ripples but electromagnetism also had ripples but no one could begin to imagine what this dimension was or looked like. A Swedish guy suggested that if u were to look at a cable from a distance it only looks like one dimension like a line, but if u were to look at it from an ants point of view you would see that the cable was twisted by other small cables in a clockwise direction, so if an ant was to crawl across it, it could go up and down and around it in a clockwise and anticlockwise direction. These guys suggested our universe was built like a cable, very long and big in distance like our three main dimensions but those were made up of billions of smaller dimensions so small we couldn’t see them. String theory is suggesting that we can control time/space and travel anywhere in an instant, science today is going through some changes and what seemed to be science fiction is now looking not so far fetched. 
 
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